Exceptions to Foreign Currency Loan Usage Expanded
November 2025
The Banking and Finance team of our member firm Kolcuoglu Demirkan Kocakli has issued a client alert "Exceptions to Foreign Currency Loan Usage Expanded".
You may view the alert document here.
Tax Alert – 2025 Tax Reform Bill Submitted to the Hellenic Parliament
October 2025
Angeliki Miliakou, Partner, and Sofia Kournouti, Junior Associate
Kyriakides Georgopoulos Law Firm
A tax reform bill has been submitted to the Hellenic Parliament for voting and is expected to be adopted in the coming days. The bill introduces a comprehensive set of measures aimed at reducing the tax burden on individuals, supporting families and strengthening the income of young people.
Key amendments introduced by the bill include:
Reduction of Personal Income Tax Rates
The bill introduces reductions in personal income tax across multiple brackets and establishes a new tax…
The Growing Importance of Simplified Mergers in Capital Markets Legislation
October 2025
Hasan H. Yasar, Partner, and Sinem Nilsu Nayazit, Associate
Kolcuoglu Demirkan Kocakli
Company mergers have emerged as a significant tool in companies’ growth, restructuring, and competitiveness enhancement strategies, particularly during periods of accelerated economic fluctuations and sectoral transformations. The simplified merger procedure envisaged under the Turkish Commercial Code (“TCC”) and capital markets legislation stands out with its structure that expedites transaction processes and eliminates certain legal obligations. This merger model has been more widely preferred…
Greece Transposes EU Directive 2022/2557 (Critical Entities Resilience Directive)
October 2025
Irene Kyriakides, Partner, Natalia Soulia, Counsel, and Terpsithea Papanikolau, Junior Associate
Kyriakides Georgopoulos Law Firm
Introduction
Greece has recently enacted Law 5236/2025, transposing the Critical Entities Resilience Directive (Directive (EU) 2022/2557, “CERD”) into national law. The new regime introduces a comprehensive framework to identify and regulate “critical entities”, namely operators which belong to certain key sectors, such as energy, transport, finance, health, water, waste management, digital infrastructure, space, public administration and food…
No-Poach Agreements in Competition Law
October 2025
Spela Arsova, Partner
Selih & partnerji
In the past, competition authorities have mainly focused on markets where companies offer various products and services. In recent years, however, their attention has increasingly turned to the labor market. At the center are so-called no-poach agreements.
What are No-Poach Agreements?
No-poach agreements are agreements between companies in which they agree not to solicit or hire each other’s employees. Such agreements may refer to:
the active solicitation of another company’s employees (so-called non-solicitation agreements),…
Claiming Partial Reimbursement of Salary Compensation for Short-Time Work
October 2025
Darja Miklavcic, Partner, and Anja Bosnik
Selih & partnerji
On 12 July 2025, the Act on the Enforcement of Partial Reimbursement of Wage Compensation for Shorter Working Time (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 47/25; hereinafter referred to as “ZUDPNP”)¹ entered into force. The main purpose of ZUDPNP is to promote the preservation of jobs.
ZUDPNP introduces a permanent short-time work scheme. In accordance with this Act, employers who meet the prescribed conditions may, under certain circumstances, claim the right to partial wage compensation for employees…
The Role of Sports Arbitration in Light of Public Order of the EU and the Issue of Potential Violations of European Competition Law by FIFA Regulation...
October 2025
Natasa Pipan Nahtigal, Managing Partner, Grega Paternoster, Senior Associate, and Domen Humar
Selih & partnerji
An arbitral award is, as a rule, final, since pursuant to Article 38 of the Slovenian Arbitration Act (Zakon o arbitraži – ZArbit), it has the effect of a final court judgment between the parties. Finality, of course, is subject to exceptions. Article 40 of ZArbit sets out the circumstances under which an arbitral award may be challenged by filing an action for annulment. Moreover, an arbitral award may also be challenged on the grounds of incompatibility with the…
Lifting the Corporate Veil in Montenegro
October 2025
Dijana Raickovic, Legal Counsel
Law Offices of Jovovic, Mugosa & Vukovic
The legal concept of lifting the corporate veil, or the illusion of legal personality, originates from Anglo-Saxon (English) law.
The general principle is that a limited partner, a member of a limited liability company, and a shareholder are not liable for the obligations of the company. However, if members of these companies abuse the rules regarding the separation of company assets and their personal assets, or otherwise misuse the company by treating its assets as their own (for personal gain or the…
The EU Data Act: What Businesses in Bulgaria Need to Know
October 2025
Nikolay Zisov, Partner, and Deyan Terziev, Senior Associate
BOYANOV & Co.
The EU Data Act (Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 on fair access to and use of data) became fully applicable on 12 September 2025.
For many companies in the EU, including in Bulgaria, this regulation brings new obligations and opportunities. The Data Act’s scope reaches far beyond traditional tech companies, potentially affecting any organisation that handles, generates or benefits from data. Affected organisations must act promptly to map their data flows (focused data audit), review related processes, assess…
Grid-Forming Technologies and their Emerging Role in Greece’s Energy Transition
September 2025
Gus J. Papamichalopoulos, Senior Partner, and Antonis N. Koumpias, Senior Associate
Kyriakides Georgopoulos Law Firm
1. The Grid Bottleneck
Greece is at a pivotal moment in its energy transition. The country has made remarkable progress in deploying renewable energy sources (RES) in recent years; however, grid infrastructure development and battery energy storage system (BESS) adoption have lagged behind. This mismatch stems from delays in approving new grid projects and in establishing a regulatory framework for BESS licensing.
Since August 2022, regulations have become increasingly…
Civil Procedure Reforms Introduced by Law 5221/2025
September 2025
John Kyriakides, Managing Partner, Vasiliki (Vicky) Kriketou, Partner, and Konstantinos Lygkonis, Associate
Kyriakides Georgopoulos Law Firm
On 28 July 2025, Law 5221/2025 was published in the Government Gazette (Issue A’ 133/28.07.2025). The Law introduces key reforms to the Civil Procedure Code ("CPC"), aimed at accelerating the delivery of justice in the Greek courts through targeted legislative measures. Most of its provisions will enter into force on January 1, 2026. The key changes introduced by the Law are as follows:
I. Filing of Lawsuits
Since the introduction of…
CBAM Under the Spotlight: The EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
September 2025
Gus J. Papamichalopoulos, Senior Partner, and Iakovos Koulouris, Senior Associate
Kyriakides Georgopoulos Law Firm
I. Introduction
The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) has been established by virtue of the Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council (hereinafter the "CBAM Regulation") with the primary objective of preventing carbon leakage by addressing greenhouse gas emissions embedded into certain carbon-intensive commodities imported into the customs territory of the European Union (EU) from non-EU countries. The sectors currently falling…
